Language and identity , English composition 1 Essay

Language and identity , English composition 1 - Essay Example Anzaldua's essay is concerned with naming - but not 'mapping' - the multiplicity of identity formations she occupies simultaneously and contradictorily. She agrees with the (post)structuralist view that language speaks us, and that the languages we speak define our identity, our cultural make-up, our ideologies, and our definition of self. "Language is a homeland", Anzaldua says (1999, p. 895). She asserts that 'ethnic identity is twin skin to linguistic identity - I am my language" (p. 898). But those who occupy 'the border', those who have multiple and conflicting subject positions or identity categories - such as Chicana lesbian - are 'deslanguadas' [without language] according to Anzaldua: "Somos los del espanol deficiente" (p. 897). We are your linguistic nightmare, your linguistic aberration, your linguistic mestizaje, the subject of your burla. Because we speak with tongues of fire we are culturally crucified. Racially, culturally and linguistically somos huerfanos - we speak an orphan tongue (p. 897). Anzaldua's own essay, in English and in Spanish - sometimes translated, sometimes not - embodies her answer to the problem of dominant and subordinated languages and identities. Her concept of 'mita y mita' - half and half (p. 890).

Poorhouses in California Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Poorhouses in California - Essay Example Prior to reviewing the history and functioning of California’s poorhouses, the actual cause that led to the establishment of such facilities should be examined. In the earlier days, prior to the formation of poorhouses, paupers and destitute people within a community were cared for by providing relief through a caretaker and auctioning or contracting them with those who require their support or work (History of 19th Century American Poorhouses, n.d.). While is not clear as to when such poorhouses actually came into existence, a political code instituted in the year 1982 included a provision of care for the destitute and sick population within the country. This led to the establishment of several poorhouses within the country which were mostly tax-supported residential institutions. However, by the 19th century the United States adopted the system of Poorhouse establishment from England. This was seen as a more efficient and less expensive method to provide relief to paupers an d destitute in the country. Hence several such houses were created with the hope that housing paupers in institutions would provide an opportunity to reform their character or habits and help them overcome poverty and homelessness (History of the 19th Century American Poorhouses, n.d.). It was quite a challenge to collect information pertaining to the origins of poorhouses in California as by the time these institutions were established, it was politically incorrect to refer to these facilities with names that seemed derogatory. During the years 1930 and 1940, the Work Projects Administration (WPA) began an inventory process of the County Archives of several states. As early as 1850, the legislature made a provision that the Court of Sessions which later became the Board of Supervisors, should take care of the county welfare and provide all the

Dividend Policy in Publicly Traded Companies Essay

Dividend Policy in Publicly Traded Companies - Essay Example For a firm with good future growth and investment opportunities, investors want the firm to put the earnings in other investment opportunities. Where as for a non growth company, investors would prefer present dividend income rather future capital gains which are uncertain. [2] Dividend policy of a firm will divide the earnings into two parts as Dividends and Retained Earnings. Dividends are paid to the investors as cash for their share of the assets of the company. Where as Retained Earnings are used to fund the long term growth of the company, which are used to generate future earnings. The percentage of Dividends distributed and Retained Earnings are determined by the Payout Ratio of the Dividend Policy. Higher the Payout ratio, higher the Dividends and lower the Payout Ratio imply lower the Dividends. Usually growth oriented firms have lower payout ratio and higher Retention Ratio. That means large amount of earnings are retained to increase future earnings. The investors of low dividend paid companies will get their returns through capital gains. The relation between growth and Payout Ratio can be best understood by Dividends on one hand increase cash earnings of the investors and reduce the share on the assets of the firm. In the case of high tax on the earnings of the dividends by the government investors are more interested in firm to keep the earnings for future growth of the earnings. Otherwise for a low growth oriented firm investors want cash dividends as they can earn more return else where. According to Miller and Modigliani in a perfect market condition and in a no tax situation investors are indifferent to a company that pays dividend and another not pays dividend. What ever the investors lose in the form dividends are gained through capital appreciation. The investors believe that the dividends are put to earn further gains in the future. On the expectation of increased future earnings the prices of the stock increase giving the investors capital investors which they can make by selling the stock at higher price. But stock market history shows us that dividends are really matter for any particular stock. Most of the non dividend paying companies are invariably loss making dogs[4] These companies does not have earnings capacity in their business and are struggling even to pay the dividends shareholders. Investors think the company has lost the earning capacity. The selling pressure decreases the prices of those non dividend company shares. This is quite opposite to what the dividend theory of stock market as well as what Miller-Modigliani postulated. "One look at the JSE highest dividend yield share reveals the problem: It is Northern Engineering Industries Africa whose 3 000% dividend yield places it way ahead of second placed SA Reit at 70%."[5] The above example explains that the highest dividend paying Northern Engineering Industries has a higher price than the SA Reit, in spite of both the companies operate in the same industry. Higher dividends attract more and more investor interest in the stock. Thus the price of the shares increases on the future dividends as well as capital gains. Based

Poorhouses in California Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Poorhouses in California - Essay Example Prior to reviewing the history and functioning of California’s poorhouses, the actual cause that led to the establishment of such facilities should be examined. In the earlier days, prior to the formation of poorhouses, paupers and destitute people within a community were cared for by providing relief through a caretaker and auctioning or contracting them with those who require their support or work (History of 19th Century American Poorhouses, n.d.). While is not clear as to when such poorhouses actually came into existence, a political code instituted in the year 1982 included a provision of care for the destitute and sick population within the country. This led to the establishment of several poorhouses within the country which were mostly tax-supported residential institutions. However, by the 19th century the United States adopted the system of Poorhouse establishment from England. This was seen as a more efficient and less expensive method to provide relief to paupers an d destitute in the country. Hence several such houses were created with the hope that housing paupers in institutions would provide an opportunity to reform their character or habits and help them overcome poverty and homelessness (History of the 19th Century American Poorhouses, n.d.). It was quite a challenge to collect information pertaining to the origins of poorhouses in California as by the time these institutions were established, it was politically incorrect to refer to these facilities with names that seemed derogatory. During the years 1930 and 1940, the Work Projects Administration (WPA) began an inventory process of the County Archives of several states. As early as 1850, the legislature made a provision that the Court of Sessions which later became the Board of Supervisors, should take care of the county welfare and provide all the

The Food and Farming Transition Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Food and Farming Transition - Research Paper Example This makes it possible to do away with hunger problems resulting from scarcity of food. The only reason why a people from an area can die of hunger may be economic ability to purchase the products not the scarcity. The inability to purchase means the prices are high which could only means the products are not locally produced (Richard Heinberg, 2009). Products produced from far have more value fuel costs attached to it making less affordable to people. While, it may be true that there is more economic gains than losses, it is important to note that this can only be true in some areas and remains to be oppositely true in the area of general gains in all aspects. However, globalization contributes to contamination of the food on transit while also raising a major concern that motivates a rethinking of globalization. This is the high consumption of fuel in the form of fertilizer production process, large-scale farming and other fuel consumption processes that is the case with large-scale agricultural production. Agricultural production in America is done by few people due to large-scale production that employs the use of machineries that consumes fuels. This is a major concern given the diminishing fuel production. To help save the problem that may be caused by uncertainty in oil prices, the governments should reconsider their fuel use policies and compare it against the benefits of transitioning to the policy of using less fuels and local production of agricultural products thereby less relying on imports (Heinberg, 2003). This can be done by reducing the dependence on products that heavily rely on fuel use by acknowledging the demerits posed by the same. Few people practice agriculture because land is less and most services are mechanized. Fertilizers that are used are produced through a process that in itself can produce so much crops than fertilizers and use so much fuel thereby contributing to diminishing of the same. Machineries

Birmingham Letter Illusions Essay Example for Free

Birmingham Letter Illusions Essay Letter from Birmingham Jail Allusions in Section 3 Martin Luther King’s Letter from Birmingham Jail is one of the most well known documents in American history. King’s profound ability to articulate important ideas, values, concepts and Biblical perspectives made for some of the most powerful and inspirational pieces of American literature ever produced. One technique that King used in his public speeches and letters was his allusions to historical figures, the Bible and opposing congressmen. During the 60’s when cultural prejudice still held strong roots in Congress, it was King’s talent to inspire the public that revolutionized America’s racial injustices. King’s frequent use of allusions in his famous Letter from Birmingham Jail proved his intelligence and greatly attributed to his success and popularity during the 1960’s. His allusions demonstrated his referential capabilities while also making his messages readily relatable to the public. It was often said that it was not King’s intelligence that made him seem so acumen, but that he was â€Å"well read†(knew much from reading). His frequent allusions to major documents and famous statements in contest to his adversaries ultimately lead to his dominance in public speech. In the paragraphs 12 through 14 when king references the election of mayor Albert Boutwell, he states, â€Å"We are sadly mistaken if we feel that the election of Albert Boutwell as mayor will bring the millennium to Birmingham† in paragraph twelve. The millennium is an allusion to a specific verse from the Bible’s book of Revelation interpreted as the 1,000 years in which Jesus comes back to earth to restore peace. He made many correlations to the Bible and major public documents, such as the Declaration of Independence and the Bill of Rights to make his arguments accurate and mainly understandable by restating vital rules and quotes that even the illiterate could comprehend. In these paragraphs he quoted the Bible by using phrases like â€Å"moral light, â€Å"abyss of despair† and â€Å" unjust posture. † King used the word â€Å"wait† in this section of the letter multiple times as a allusion to the current denial of rights to African Americans that had been going on for the last 340 years. He also stated that â€Å"justice too long delayed is justice denied† in correlation to the current racial dilemma in America at the time. All of these direct references made for some of the most significant and powerful American literature ever created and made Martin Luther King one of the most successful authors in this period of civil revolution. By reinforcing his argument with allusions that the public could relate to, King was able to greatly impact the civil rights movement of the 1960’s and ultimately bring around the social turning point of the century that provided racial equality to all and smother prejudice in America thereafter.

Rush Limbaugh :: essays research papers

Rush Limbaugh   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Rush Limbaugh has done much more than just change the style of talk radio, he has become somewhat of a political leader for many Americans. He has been the type of spokesman many people have been looking for. â€Å"Why am I being called the most dangerous man in America?† Limbaugh asks his listeners. â€Å" Because I am right, and I enjoy being right.† (June 3, 1995, The Philadelphia Inquirer) Rush has caused people to change their views of the country and it's political leaders. He's had many things that have built him up to the â€Å" political preacher† you see today. Rush's early life, his major accomplishments, and his personal life are just a few of the characteristics that make Rush the leader he is today.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Rush's early life affected who he is today in many ways. Limbaugh comes from Cape Girardeau, Missouri, were he was born on Jan. 12, 1951. Rush, or Rusty as he was called as a kid, was a chubby, insecure youth who craved but rarely received the approval of his father, writes Paul Colford, author of â€Å" The Rush Limbaugh Story†. â€Å"Rush got his first job as a shoeshine boy at the age of 13.† (People 7-24-95 pgs. 166-168) At the age of 16, serving as a disc jockey, Rush got his first taste of radio. From there, Rusty began to work at several different stations, none of which were getting him anywhere. During one of his first radio jobs Rush went by the name Jeff Christie while working for KQV in Pittsburgh. He was fired by a man named Jim Carnegie, who now says that he was instructed to fire him, but as soon as Jim got his next job, he hired Rush again. At the age of 28 Rush took a job organizing community events for the Kansas City Royals. This paid him $18,000 a year. Rush spent five unfulfilling years with the Royals. â€Å"No fault of people at the Royals,† Limbaugh told Talkers, a radio-industry magazine several years ago. â€Å"I was just doing the wrong thing.† (June 3, 1995, The Philadelphia Inquirer) In 1983 Limbaugh decided to try radio again. By 1984 he was working as a talk-show host for a station in Sacramento California. This is were he was encouraged to speak his mind, and form the style he has today.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Rush Limbaugh has had many great accomplishments through his life as well. â€Å"Rush is viewed as having single-handedly saved AM radio, and I don't think that is an unfair characterization,† says Dave Rimmer, former WWDB-FM program director, who added Limbaugh to the station's lineup three years ago.