Being there

Jerzy Kosinskis Being There is the story of Chance Gardener, a man with moderate mental and social potential, yet raised by his environment to the level of fame. Referred to as a blank page person, he is, at the same time, seen by his immediate environment as quite a personality mainly because of his exterior qualities he has a beautiful voice, is manly and well-groomed. Not merely the Manhattan society, in which Chance finds himself after being hit by a car knows nothing about Gardiners past the reader is also approach with the same puzzle.The opening chapter provides that some information about the protagonists enclosed life in the hoar Mans house, his rage for gardening and his life reality, which is entirely formed by the pictures seen on video recording. We get to know that the Old Man sheltered Chance as a do by when his mother died, that his name is Chance because he was born by chance, that due to his mental disability inherited from his mother he could neither read n or write. The wholly people that Chance initi each(prenominal)y communicates with are the Old Man, who eventually dies, and the maidservant Louise.Louise is soon forced to return to Jamaica due to an illness and a new maid comes to substitute her. Chance the Gardener seems to lead a blissful life while watching TV or working in the garden the only activities that form his view of reality at the onset of the narration. However, when the Old Man dies he is forced to leave the house as no will is left by the deceased and no record of Chance as either a resident or employee can be found in the Old Mans documents. It remains a riddle for both the lawyer who comes to handle the estate and the reader why Chance was left out of the records.For all that, this riddle appears to serve as a good tool for creating suspense in the account of the heros changed life style after the accident. With no social and family connections whatsoever Gardiner becomes the center of attention among the educ ated high class society of Mr. and Mrs. gum benzoin Rand. He soon meets the US President and a enactment of political and corporate figures, and becomes a strong candidate for one of the vacant seats on the board of the First American Financial Corporation (35).The developments that pass appear hilarious as none of the persons Gardiner gets acquainted with is aware of his physical disabilities. Two aspects that save his positive image are his interest in television and love for gardening. The first helps him think of proper ways to behave in social situations and the latter is a basis for the only factual knowledge he can refer to when participating in discussions about American economy. For instance, when engaging in conversations with Mrs. Rand Chance resorted to repeating to her parts of her own sentences, a practice he had observed on TV.In this fashion he encouraged her to continue and elaborate (24). Also, during a meal Chance ignored the wine because On TV, wine stick peo ple in a state they could not control (26). Later, when invited to participate in a TV show, Gardiner could experience the making of a program in person Chance was astonished that television could portray itself cameras watched themselves (37). Similarly, his story about seasons and growth in the garden during his meeting with the President led to his being recognized as an expert in the field of economics.Towards the end of the novel the suspense is even greater when the President keeps demanding that his administration provides him with background information about Chance. However, they are unable(p) to find out anything substantial. Mass media is also concerned about the lack of such information. However, Chances future looks positive especially with the death of Benjamin Rand. Mrs. Rand is very much in love with Gardiner and sincerely hopes he will stay with her after her husbands death. Gardiner appears to also have acquired a plastered image in the reality eye, which will no t be easily shattered in case politicians find out who he really is.On many occasions Gardiner was very explicit about his disabilities to write and read, but the public interpreted it in its own way, the wishful thinking way. The latter is, ultimately, the problem of the public and the American society in its wider implications that interpreted Gardiners words the way it wished to. Works Cited Kosinski, Jerzy. Being There Groningen Wolters-Noordhoff, 1996 Brothers Judd Daily. Ed. 23 Sep. 2000 htttp//www. brothersjudd. com /index. cfm/fuseaction/reviews. detail/book_id/294/Being%20There. htm

Different Structure of Organisation and Culture Essay

Section 1 Understanding the relationship between organisational structure and finish You will need to compare and contrast divers(prenominal) organisational structures and culture here you need to briefly get out the different types of organisational structure, and what different types/formats of culture move be found in organisations, and wherefore compare and contrast them what causes/creates severally type, and positive factors / negative factors of each. explain how the relationship between an organisations structure and culture can impact on the performance of the business accordingly discourse (separately) how the structure and culture can affect the business performance by canvas at least two different types (from those you agree described) for example, you could prove the differences between a small, growing, owner-managed, flat-structured, entrepreneurial business, with a large, established, bureaucratic, organisation such as a local authority/municipality.The n compare for example, how quickly varietys can be made very fast, immediate decisions made informally in the peerless very slow, only after many meetings, reports, evaluations, etc in the other. discuss the factors which influence singular behaviour at work For this list and discuss the factors which can influence the way individuals behave for example management/ leading style, pay and reward mechanisms, levels of employee meshing in decision making, and so on.Section 2 Understanding the different orgasmes to management and leadership You will need to compare the effectiveness of different leadership styles in different organisations You need to give a brief description of the recognised, established styles, tho then select 2 different styles, as utilize in 2 different types of organisation (for example in a large international company, compared to a local municipality/council, and discuss how effectiveeach is in. unit 3 Organisations and Behaviourexplain how organisati onal theory underpins the practice of management You need to list the main theories/models (that you have been studying and researching) and then discuss how each one helps supports assists managers to effectively plan / organise / manage / control / respond to problems. Simple examples are knowledge (theories/models) of how individuals are likely to respond to a major change this can help managers to introduce/implement the change in a certain way to avoid some of the more negative responses that might exit and the models/theories on structure and how it can influence the culture/behaviour of the organisation and its sight.evaluate the different approaches to management used by different organisations This is about comparing how, at the corporate whole organisation-level two different organisations apply management theory and theories of organisation, to the way they run their businesses. You need to select 2 very different organisations and, as it asks, compare their ap proaches. A simple comparison, as an example, would be to look at the Army and its approach to managing its ordinary soldiers, officers, teams & individuals and compare this with a college or university and its approach to managing students, teachers & lecturers.Section 3 Understanding the ways of using motivational theories in organisations You will need to discuss the impact that different leadership styles whitethorn have on motivation in organisations in periods of change You need to give a brief description of the recognised leadership styles, but then discuss in detail how each one can positively or negatively affect the motivation and morale levels of individuals and teams, in periodsof change that is, in the planning, effectuation and aftermath of a major change.compare the application of different motivational theories within the workplace You need to give a brief description of each, but then discuss in detail how they are (if they are) applied in the workplace, then move on to discuss how motivational theory relates to the way people are expected to manage today. evaluate the usefulness of a motivation theory for Managers Here you need to briefly list an describe motivational theories, then select one and use that to give your view of how an understanding and application of that motivation theory can assist/support managers in their activities.Unit 3 Organisations and BehaviourSection 4 Understanding the mechanisms for developing effective teamwork in organisations You will need to explain the nature of groups and group behaviour within Organisations Here you need to briefly explain the different group/team formal and informal structures, objectives, life-cycle stages, types of dynamics, and how all of these factors can affect the behaviour of groups/teams in the workplace. discuss factors that may promote or inhibit the development of effective teamwork in organisations This needs to be looked at in a broad, lateral, way for example, the structure of an organisation can affect team interactions/communications with other, important, teams the management/leadership style of the line managers and specialist managers can be very damaging or positive a blame culture is very damaging, the amount of individual personal development, progression opportunities, appraisal formats, can also have an effect and team development / rile to technology / access to support from other teams/specialists, can be factors.evaluate the impact of technology on team functioning within a given over organisation Here you need to select a particular (given) organisation, or type of organisation (not simply in general), and then describe and evaluate the positive and negative impacts (or potential impacts) of current and emerging technologies (eg. computers, mobile phones, ipads, social media such as facebook,linkedin, video conferencing, the internet, intranets, laptops, remote working, email) on the way a team functions/operates.

9-11 and how it affected the United States Essay

Tuesday, September 11, 2001 was a day that devastated our entire nation and changed the lives of every American in some way. This was one of the most horrible tragedies in our nations history, because of wholly the lives lost and the twin towers that were demolished. The events that took place on September 11 had an outstanding effect on our country. The 9-11 tragedy was terrible yet un halttable event. ace year after this tragedy feels like a very short period of time.There was Pearl Harbor, Oklahoma City, and now 9-11 is added to the list of American tragedies. With all the deaths of 9-11 almost everyone knows someone or knows someone who knows someone that was either in the World Trade Center and survived or died in the World Trade Center. This is an passing sad but true way to look at it. Our country now tries to move on from this terrible experience, but will never forget it. 9-11 touched everyone as a whole as well as personally.See moreSocial Satire in The Adventures of Hu ckleberry Finn EssayFor better or for worse the September 11 tragedy changed America. Besides taking thousands of lives and knocking down the Twin Towers this tragedy has brought our nation closer together. We will now bear another topic to add to the history books and pass on to prevent something like this from happening again. All Americans will remember where they were when the Twin Towers went down. Another affect anyone can see all around our country is patriotism. Everyone now has new pride in the United States. Although the events of 9-11 took so much away from us it do our country stronger as a whole.

Fashion Opinion Leadership Essay

1. inceptionConsumers find all(prenominal) some other in several ways they exchange nurture through intercourse, strain or give effects and copy each others behaviour. Researchers recognise the giving and exploreing of perspectives as one of the most important viva-voce exploits on brand and convergence choice (Bristor, 1990 and Weimann, 1994). curiously in expressive style, tender separates and thinking attr dallyors influence intersection and brand evaluations (Amaldoss and Jain 2008). elbow room consumers often get up to mien touch sensation leading who they desire to be alike. The Internet and sociable media speeded up the way of communication within advert groups and made it possible to sh be interests with bring out physical interaction. The dramatiseing essay will compendium an overview of modality sagacity leadinghip and germ groups before giving a better under stand of how mood retailers make enjoyment of invent judgment leadinghip in order to influence customers.2. Reference groups and reference group influencesConsumers use several sources when they seek information or popular mentations on decisions informal and social (Goldsmith and Clark 2008). This grammatical construction of consumer behaviour is described as panorama- leading- conviction- pursuit, word-of-mouth, buzz or social communication (Goldsmith and Clark 2008). This means that consumers refer to something or someone when they seek information and clears the way for the term referential or reference group. Solomon and Rabolt (2009) define serviceman as social animals that move to fit into certain groups, please others and take cues round how to be confirm by observing the actions of those around (p. 422) them. A group smoke simply be defined as dickens or more great deal shargon common goals and interests. All members of a group interact by certain patterns, frameworks and networks. A group member must at that placefore be perceptible to belonging to this group. Groups loafer be primary (family), secondary (professions), formal (churches), or informal (certain group of friends).Belonging to a pucker or group, makes consumers want to identify themselves psychologically and physically with desirable individuals of this group. Thus, an individual or group conceived of having meaning(a) relevance upon an individuals sociological attri entirelyes, such(prenominal) as evaluations, characteristics, aspirations, or behaviour is defined as reference group (Park et al, 1977). As stated by Holton (2004), Merton hypothesized that individuals compargon themselves with reference groups of people who occupy the social role to which the individual aspires. Hence, the group becomes the individuals frame of reference and influences his ideas and decisions. Reference group influence can occur in different ways. match to Solomon and Rabolt (2009), group members of reference groups can be influenced informational, functional or value-expressive.Furthermore, individuals are in like manner by and large influenced by normative referents of the group, such as parents, teachers, or peers (Childers and Rao, 1992). at that place are excessively so called aspirational groups of which individuals aspire to be a member of. This phenomenon can be carryed as comparative referents, such as public credit leaders or celebrities. Belonging to a group, aspirational or non, can influence the buying behaviour of individuals, and decisions are often based on what the group members please in order to be accepted (Joel et al 1972). According to the above, a reference group is as an individual or group that significantly influences an individuals behaviour (Bearden and Etzel 1982).2.1 Online referential groups and virtual(prenominal) role communitiesLiterature in the main concentrates on face-to-face interaction within reference groups on a fix basis or on aspirational groups without direct interaction (Pentina et al, 2008). However, Sheth and Parvatiyar (1995) stated that it is not directly necessary to have physical contact and interactions with members of a group in order to refer to it. More common forms of reference groups are online reference groups, which only exist in the World Wide Web. Within the age of the Internet, arising social media networks and communities it is possible to share interests with people who the individual never met personally (Solomon and Rabolt, 2009). A virtual community of usance is defined as a collection of people whose online interactions are based on sha personnel casualty vehemence for and knowledge of a specific consumption activity (Solomon and Rabolt, 2009, p 426), such as invent for instance.In the concept of virtual communities any group of people can share common bonds, without being dependant on physical interaction and common graphic location (McDonough, 1992). barely the issue of relationships amid each other still lies at the heart of virtua l communities (Farquhar and Rowley, 2006). Although online sharing of interests takes place on blog websites, social media platforms, like facebook or twitter or sharing services like as Pinterest, members build up relationships when sharing.On facebook, for instance, members liking other peoples post in certain theme groups and commenting on those can explain a relationship. Solomon and Rabolt (2009) state that the impact of virtual communities on individuals product preferences and decisions are huge. Because of that, an online referential group can be considered as consumers who write about their flavors towards certain topics, seek information, publish recommendations, and post products or services.2.1.1 Online referential groups in style and expressive style bloggers spirt and apparel shop are seen as the most popular discussion topic among social networks (Thomas et al, 2007). In path, online communities are seen mostly through social media emergence such as blogs or face book groups. work blogs are mostly dally by one person who writes or blogs about different products, occasions or heretoforets within the fake sedulousness. The community is then formed by readers of the blog, so called followers, that read the stories or comment on it. With gaining popularity bloggers are likewise able to gain money by advertising on their blog websites. According to the Telegraph, the most popular bloggers make up to 10,000 a month in advertising (Telegraph, 28/10/2012). Mean firearm, also fashion retailers look into the blogging business. For retailers the building up of social media groups could help them to gain direct feedback from consumers while monitoring discussions in referential groups online. Burberry for example not only has its own group on facebook, but also launched a blog, showing images of people dampening their trench coats (The Art of Trench, 28/10/2012).3. Fashion opinion leadershipReferring to an opinion leader is one of the social or i nformal sources of decision and opinions seeking, named by Goldsmith and Clark (2008) in reference group behaviour. A person who has knowledge about a certain product and whose advice is seriously taken by others explains opinion leadership. An opinion leader or influential is a person, who is frequently able to influence attitudes and behaviour of others (Solomon and Rabolt 2009) Further, it can be explicated by the desire of leaders to dissever themselves from followers, while followers pursue the countervailing desire to assimi deeply with leaders (Amaldoss and Jain 2008). Feick and Price (1987, p. 95) state that opinion leaders are more likely in product categories in which association with the product provides a form of self-expression. Fashionable vestments embodies information about the personality and status of its wearer to other people (Dodd et al, 2000).However, Amaldoss and Jain (2008) argue that in fashion, this occurrence is mostly seen within the purchasing of luxur y clothing and accessories. There are several types of opinion leaders that can be observed in fashion. Firstly, some heavy consumers of fashion clothing who become extremely interested and preoccupied with it, so that their interest, knowledge and experience qualifies them to become fashion opinion leaders for others (Goldsmith, 2000). Today, these types of fashion opinion leaders occur mostly online, such as fashion bloggers. Secondly there are people who are in the public spotlight, such as celebrities. Celebrities mostly look adorable and therefore individuals follow their look because they desire to assimilate with this leader (Amaldoss and Jain 2008). But sometimes celebrities are being dressed up by personal outfitters in order to create, carry out and accomplish a certain image without actually having the interest or knowledge in the area.This shows that also the perception that individuals have about a person can make the person an opinion leader. Of course, there are also people whose profession is related to fashion that can be an opinion leader for individuals, such as designers, fashion photographers, models or fashion magazines. A recent study on Mintel shows that fashion content in celebrity, lifestyle or fashion magazines, newspaper supplements and makeover shows has a direct influence on the shopping behaviour of 2 3.5 million people. Especially women are most likely influenced by such coverage (Mintel, Fashion Online, 29/10/12). As the fashion magazine example illustrates, an opinion leader does not have to be only one person, it can also be a lodge or an organisation.3.1 Fashion opinion seekingOpinion seeking is the behavioural counterpart to opinion leadership (Goldsmith and Clark, 2008, p 309) and is important to the spreading of new fashion products because it can spread word-of-mouth about the advice gotten from opinion leaders. Unlike opinion leaders, opinion seekers do not have the same knowledge of and interest in a product catego ry than opinion leaders in this segment do (Goldsmith, 2000). Opinion leaders do also absorb risk (Solomon and Rabolt, 2009) for opinion seekers when buying a new product. Therefore, Opinion seekers consider opinion leaders as appropriate sources for information and advice (Bertrandias and Goldsmith, 2006). Nevertheless, opinion seekers are very important to opinion leaders because they act on the information they got from the opinion leader.The fashion industry is one of the industries that show the most frequent changes in trends and styles. When consumers determine on buying a new product they might aim or veritable(a) search for information about the desired fashionable product. Because of that they often make use of informal or social sources when seeking information (Goldsmith and Clark 2008) or opinions on decisions from fashion opinion leaders in any form. Consumers can seek for an opinion through various types of social communication, word-of-moth recommendations, observi ng opinion leaders, researching a subject or buzz (Goldsmith and Clark 2008). In an online perspective, consumers can use social network communities as sources for apparel shopping.3.1.1 The process within referential groups in fashion coherence of opinion leaders and opinion seekersThe basis of forming referential groups in virtual communities is the process combining interpersonal connectivity, social enhancement and sharing of information. Dholakia and floorozzi (2004) state that interpersonal connectivity between members is important to retain social benefits of participating online. In fashion opinion leadership and fashion opinion seeking, the process is based on the social need of each other, shown in account 3.Figure 1 The process of fashion influence between fashion opinion leaders and fashion opinion seekers in referential groups, adapted from Goldsmith and Clark, 2008This process can especially be observed in online communities where opinion leaders post pictures of the mselves wearing a new product. Several opinion seekers may like the product and give a positive feedback to the opinion leader or even share it with others, which shows symbolic validation to the opinion leader and creates a loop.3.1.2 capital of Seychelles Beckham as fashion opinion leader for the Birkin BagA good example for an opinion leader in fashion is Victoria Beckham. The ex-singer, designer and wife of English football star David Beckham is referred to being an A-list celebrity in the public spotlight. She is not only famous for designing fashion and wearing high-heels, but also for her collection of the Hermes Birkin Bag. The Birkin Bag is a hand-made hand peach designed by the luxury fashion brand Herms and is estimated to start at $6,000 (Branch, 2004). The bag is often seen adorning the arm of celebrities and has become a cult fashion phenomenon (Tonello, 2009) and is an example of a fashion product that gained high popularity. Its brand, Herms limited its production, t o limit its accessibility. Victoria Beckham is presumed of possessing the largest collection of Birkins (Fashionthroughtravel, 26/10/12). The following var. shows an example of her and her Birkin Bag collection.It can be the fact that Victoria Beckham is popular and has a lot of people referring to her what made the bag so famous and desirable. Followers or referents to her then adopted the product, Birkin Bag. The more leaders adopt a product, the higher value is crated among its followers. Thus, followers are buying the product for its reference group effect (Almadoss and Jain, 2008, p 935).Therefore individuals that look up to their opinion leader may want to follow his choices (Amaldoss and Jain, 2008). As being outlined before, fashion clothing transmits a certain personality and status of its wearer to other people (Dodd et al, 2000) and is also a form of self-expression. Wearing certain trends or accessories like a Birkin Bag show commitment to a certain image of being wealt hy, belonging to a higher score or having a sure feeling of trends and fashion.4. Why and how marketers make use fashion opinion leadersThe innovator theory by Rogers (1962) shows that consumer attitudes towards purchasing products can be classified into five categories. The following figure shows Rogerss adoption of innovations curve.Depending on how quick consumers are to purchase they are either1. Innovators or Designers (2.5%),2. Fashion opinion leaders or early adapters (13.5%),3. Early majority (34%),4. Late majority (34%),5. Laggards or late adapters (16%)Directly after innovators or designers of the product, opinion leaders come second in purchasing or adapting this trend. According to the theory, opinion leaders are the key to product diffusion (Mituse, 05/11/12). Although innovators and opinion leaders combined account for no more than 16% of the overall market, a company can try to target opinion leaders already in early product stages and see if product diffusion will spread to the early and late majorities (Mituse, 05/11/12). Following Rogerss theory and transferring it to the fashion industry, it can be argued that it is from extreme importance for fashion retailers to get opinion leaders on board in order to establish their designs and products within the market. Thus, the reasons why fashion opinion leaders influence others by sharing information are extremely important for companies (Bertandias and Goldsmith, 2006).Fashion retailers make use of key opinion leaders to influence the purchasing behaviour of consumers through their perceived position of authority. Therefore employing opinion leaders as advertising mascots or models in commercials or adverts, as seen in the figure below, is common in fashion retail.Figure 4 Fashion opinion leaders advertising for retailerFurthermore, collaborations with opinion leaders that are famous for their profession are common in fashion retail. This can be underlined by collaborations between mass retailer h&m and designers like Donatella Versace (2012) and Jimmy Choo (2009) or online premium retailer NET-A-PORTER and Karl Lagerfeld, as figure 5 illustrates below.Figure 5 Collaborations of retailers and designers as fashion opinion leadersNevertheless, marketing products or brands effectively today requires tools that reach beyond normal advertising methods by prior targeting fashion opinion leaders, marketers are able to engage positive word-of-mouth behaviours (Bertrandias and Goldsmith, 2006) about their products. According to Chaney (2001), opinion leaders act as human information processors and are an attractive marketing tool as part of the overall communication strategy. Influences by fashion opinion leaders are not only verbal, but also visual (Bertrandias and Goldsmith, 2006). In fashion, a product has to be desirable to a consumer. If no one is seen with a certain product, most consumers dont see a reason in buying it. If someone famous is seen with the product, the probabi lity of referential groups buying or wanting the product as well increases. When word-of-mouth networks are generated around opinion leaders, it can pave the way for spreading news or opinions about certain fashion products.Thus, it is beneficial to address fashion-marketing communications directly to opinion leaders of this segment in order to speed up advertising messages. Therefore, advertisers may address womenswear or accessories fashion campaigns directly to opinion leaders like celebrities or high-fashion magazines. Because of the important role they may have in influencing markets, advertisers may also hand out free fashion product samples to opinion leaders (Yahoo, 29/10/12). Handing out such testimonials, which often embody free designer clothes, handbags or shoes, retailers encourage opinion leaders to wear the brand in order to influence reference groups around the opinion leader visually. Outfitting celebrities that have public appearance for free, mostly sees this occ urrence, exemplarily stated in the below figure.Figure 6 Celebrities on the red carpet, adapted from ELLEBy doing so, the marketer uses the position of the opinion leader to carry and break down its message to influence its relevant target group. Well-established magazines such as Vogue, Elle or Glamour can also be expected to have high influences on fashion decisions of opinion seekers. A fashion magazine even has the ability to cluster a whole group of fashion opinion leaders together celebrities, photographers, editors, industry experts and fashion journalists. This might be a reason why opinion seekers use those magazines as information source when seeking for an opinion. Thus, advertising in fashion magazines, outfitting celebrities, or using fashion opinion leaders in adverts can influence target groups in their purchasing behaviour.5. ConclusionReference groups in fashion are defined as fashion consumers who are heavy fashion drug users and highly knobbed in seeking or refl ecting opinions about fashion brands and products with others who share the same interests. Further, it is differentiated between fashion opinion leaders and fashion opinion seekers. As being part of a referential group, opinion leaders and opinion seekers are positively related to each other, as the one cant exist without the other.Today, fashion opinion leaders are often classified as celebrities, people standing in the public spotlight, magazines, or bloggers, surrounded by networks of reference groups that admire to be like them. Especially in the age of social media it has become more important to marketers to understand the process of providing, sharing and seeking of information between fashion opinion leaders and opinion seekers. Therefore opinion leaders are seen to be an important marketing tool in fashion as they are able to influence reference groups in their product or brand purchasing decisions.List of referencesAmaldoss, W. & Jain, S. (2008), Trading Up A Strategic An alysis of Reference Group Effects, Marketing Science, pp. 932-942Bearden, W. & Etzel, M. (1982), Reference Group Influence on Product and Brand Purchase Decisions, Journal of Consumer Research, pp. 183-194Bertrandias, L. & Goldsmith, R. (2006), Some psychological motivations for fashion opinion leadership and fashion opinion seeking, Jornal of Fashion Marketing an Management, Vol 10, Issue 1, pp. 25-40Branch, S. (2004), Hermss jelly ache, beleaguer Street JournalBristor, J.M. (1990), Enhanced explanations of word of mouth communications the power of relationships, in Hirschman, E.C. (Ed.), Research in Consumer Behavior, 4th ed., JAI Press, Greenwich, CT, pp. 51-83.Chaney, I. (2001), Opinion leaders as a segment for marketing communications, Marketing acquaintance & Planning, p. 302Childers, T. & Rao, A. (1992), The Influence of Familial and peer-based Reference Groups on Consumer Decisions, Journal of Consumer Research, pp. 198-211Dholakia, U. & Bagozzi, R. (2004), A socialinfluen ce model of consumer participation in network- and small-group-based virtual communities , International Journal of Research in Marketing, Vol. 21, Issue3, pp. 241-263Dodd, C., Clarke, I., Baron, S. & Houston, V. (2000), Looking the part identity, meaning and culture in clothing purchasing theoretical considerations, Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management, Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 41-48Farquhar, J. & Rowley, J. (2006), Relationships and online consumer communities, Business Process Management Journal, pp. 162- clxxvFeick, L. & Price, L. (1987), The market maven a diffuser of marketplace information, Journal of Marketing, Vol. 51, p. 95.Goldsmith, R. & Clark, R. (2008), An analysis of factors affecting fashion opinion leadership and fashion opinion seeking, Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management, pp. 308-322Goldsmith, R. (2000), Characteristics of the heavy user of fashionable clothing, Journal of Marketing Theory and Practise, Vol. 8, No. 4, pp. 1-9Holton, G. (2004), Robert K M erton Biographical Memories, Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 148 (4) p 506517Jetsetsocialit , Jetsetjunior, Accessed 26th October 2012, Source from http//www.jetsetsocialite.com/2008/10/19/the-hermes-birkin-bag-buying-guide/McDonough M. (1997), Frequently asked questions virtual communities, immanent paper prepared for virtual community hosts at the Thomson Viral Community laboratoryMintel Oxygen, Fashion Online UK March 2012, Report Brochure, Accessed 29th October 2012, Source from http//ezproxy1.hw.ac.uk2840/display/590053/?highlight=trueMituse, Accessed 06/11/12, Source from http//www.mitsue.co.jp/ side of meat/case/concept/02.html?&lang=en_us&output=json&session-id=fae8bc3e4d3cd76794dcbdbd8fbff715Park, H. & Cho, H. (2012), Social network online communities information sources for apparel shopping, Journal of Consumer Marketing, Vol. 29, p. cdParvatiyar, A. & Sheth J., (1995), Relationship Marketing in Consumer Markets Antecedents and Consequences, Journal of Academy of Marketing Science, vol.23, No.4, pp. 255-271Pentina, I., Prybutok, V., Zhang, X., (2008), THE ROLE OF VIRTUAL COMMUNITIES AS obtain REFERENCE GROUPS, Journal of Electronic Commerce Research, pp. 114-136Pierce, S. Yahoo, Clothing, Accessed 29th October 2012, Source from http//news.yahoo.com/why-celebs-free-designer-clothing-221500536.htmlRogers, E. Mituse, Accessed 28th October 2012, Source from http//www.mitsue.co.jp/ face/case/concept/02.html Rogers, E. (1962), Communication of Innovations, 2nd ed., The Free Press, New YorkSolomon, M. & Rabolt, N. (2009), Consumer Behaviour in Fashion, 2nd ed., apprentice HallSalter, J. (2012), The Telegraph, Fashion, Accessed 28th October 2012, Source from http//fashion.telegraph.co.uk/beauty/news-features/TMG7037668/Britains-best-fashion-bloggers.html

Reading Response to Introduction in Handbook of Race and Ethnic Studies Essay

Upon reading the Collins and Solomos introduction to their Handbook of Race and Ethnic Studies, I presently realized that the field of hunt down and ethnicity is a diverse, living thing that is constantly evolving. The authors make reference to the circumstance that the civil rights movement has been working for decades and it appears at times that no progress has been made. They make this point by mentioning the nightly newscasts on television that show global atrocities brought on by policies of ethnic cleansing or other forms of hate.This is proof that more work has to be done and we must continue to seek and advance down the stairsstanding and equality. Collins and Solomos also mention the rise of more right-wing political groups that they refer to as the new right. These groups use the media to promote their ideas of an ideal state. They state that for the new right the appeal is by and big no longer to racial supremacy cultural uniformity and they get around this by ?parad ing under the politics of nationalism and patriotism?. This reminded me of my history classes in school where I first learned of Hitler and how he used extreme nationalism as one of his tools to gain influence and power over a economically struggling Germany. There seems to be a great many voices and perspectives out there that whitethorn contradict one another at times, but I feel that the study or race and ethnicity must continue to be pursued.

Anthem For Doomed Youth Etc

This poem tries to reveal young men from volunteering to go and fight in a war, and to let them see that war is not as what is was often imagined to be fantabulous and sweet. Anthem for Doomed Youth is likewise an anti-war poem, but it does not include the horrific imagery Of Dulcet et decorum Est. In this poem, Owen explains that many young people fall out in war, and that the family also suffers from their relatives d obliterateh. This poem discourages the families from sending their boys to war.It is aimed at the pargonnts, and through the poem, the parents back realize the pain of losing a son. Both anti- AR poems requirement to explain to people although aimed at different groups that war is not glorious and sweet, as it was believed to be. In this, the poems are very similar, but the methods used to achieve this differs greatly. Dulcet et Decorum Est gives a personal experience of a sol break dancer, probably Owen himself, in battle. The archetypal stanza explains just how tired and exhausting you can be after war-The atmosphere is depressive.Owen uses names and phrases like hags, sludge and drunk with fatigue. The entire idea is depressive and exhausting, and makes the reader feel the draining effect of AR. In the second stanza, the mood changes drastically from being ill-defined to energetic. This is what Owen describes to be an ecstasy of fumbling, which is an oxymoron, as ecstasy in usually associated with joy, and fumbling with awkwardness. It seems that a chlorine- gaso pass assail exploded near the soldiers, and panicle, they hastily institutionalise on their gas masks.All but one manage to put the masks on in time. That man suffers grumblingly, as he is described to be burnt by the gas like a man in fire or which is a substance that can eat flesh. As under a green sea, I saw him drowning. The Rene sea would be because of the effects of the chlorine gas which is green, and the mask visor. The drowning effects would be because of the blood in his lungs, and the gurgling for air while he was dying. This is a good simile, because Owen compares the surrounding gas to a sea, in which he is safe, but the unprotected man is drowning.The stanza ends with the line He plunges at me, guttering chocking, drowning. It is a very gruesome end to a very horrid stanza. This onomatopoeia in line sixteen makes the death sound very real, gruesome and sickening. The atmosphere Of this stanza is horrifying ND sickening. In the third stanza, the atmosphere changes again. The gas is gone, and they are loading up the dead and dying. The bodies are, however, not loaded onto the truck with respect instead they are flung in. This dehumidifies the dead, and it just shows that there is no time to purity the dead.They are tough like garbage. Then the half dead man from the gas- attack is brought up again. He is in his utmost death stages. It is just as horrid as the second stanza. the blood. .. Gargling from the froth-corrupted lungs T his is another onomatopoeia, and it is easy to imagine the nett death scene. The sat part of the poem gives this statement after the grueling scene My friend, you would not furcate with such high zest to children ardent for some desperate glory, the old lie Dulcet et Decorum Est Pro Patria Moor. In this, Owen explains, that if you could in some dream follow that horrific scene, and experience what the soldiers experienced, then cipher would enthusiastically tell desperate young men, about to go to war, seeking glory, that it is sweet and fitting to die for ones country, as was often quoted by commanders. Anthem for Doomed Youth is in the form of a Shakespearian sonnet, which is normally associated with love. This is very ironic, as this poem has very little to do with love it has to do with death.The word Anthem is mostly associated with pride and glory, but in the title, it symbolizes the guarantee and promise of dead young men. The first line asks a rhetorical question what pa ssing bells for these who die like cattle? , followed by whole the monstrous anger of the guns. This means, that there are no church bells for those who are slaughtered like animals, there are only the loud and deadly guns on the battlefields. Immediately, this will strike especially parents, who will not want their children to die, especially if there is tot even glory or honor in the death.No ceremony is held to honor the brave and dead there is only angry gunfire. Then there is the wonderful phrase stuttering rifles rapid rattling. This is both an alliteration and an onomatopoeia. One can almost hear the deadly machine gun fire, gracelessly slaughtering thousands Of boys. Owen continues giving his description of the lack of glory for the young men, by saying the shrill, demented choirs of wailing shells. This is also a paradox, as choirs are usually associated with a church and happiness, but here it is the song of shrill, howling shells.

Analysis of Adarsh Society Scam Essay

Chavan was the revenue enhancement minister between 2001-2003 and had dealt with files pertaining to the ownership of the arrive. He is alleged to have recommended 40 per cent tryst of flats to civilians in the society, which was pie-eyedt for war widows and heroes of Kargil war. The exposure of the scam forced the Congress party to render the resignation of then Maharashtra Chief Minister Ashok Chavan . Maharashtra purlieu department had denied giving pass pissingance to the society. The reports make it clear that neither MCZMA nor the nominates department of environment gave any clearance for the high-rise building, The state environment department has denied giving clearance to Adarsh lodging society. The state environment department has denied giving clearance to Adarsh housing society. Adarsh Co-operative Housing Society building violated provisions of the Coastal Regulation Zone Notification, 1991. No CRZ clearance or permission had been sought to construct the build ing. It concluded that the no CRZ clearance had been sought for incorporating 2269 sqm of BEST whapledge base.This was a condition imposed on the housing society by the states department of revenue when additive set down was allotted in August 2005. The Adarsh Society has also violated the floor outer space index permissible in the CRZ-II argona of Mumbai. This is prescribed in the Development and Control Regulations of 1967. There argon reports that there are otherwise buildings too that have come up, he accepted, adding that he will go after them after 2010 amendment to the CRZ regulations are passed by Parliament.The high-rise is built on 6,450 sq metres within the Colaba naval playing field and was cleared on the condition of housing war veterans but now has 104 members, including former service chiefs, major(postnominal) serving Army officials, a former Environment Minister, legislators and state bureaucrats. Govt. is waiting for the official report from the assorted m inistry, only then they take action against the gulty. MMRDA to revoke occupancy certificate till Ministry of Environment and forest gives clearance. The prime piece of land in upmarket Colaba given to the Adarsh Cooperative Housing Society belonged to the state government and not the Services, he said. The land belongs to the state government, based on the collectors records. taxation department granted land to the Society as per GR of 9. 7. 1999, he said. Certain files were missing from the adarsh community housing society that bearing signatures of important officials, pertain to the decisions taken in the stages before the project was cleared by the government. Tiwari was urban development secretary for over eight years (2000 to 2009). During his tenure, the Adarsh society was given various clearances, including additional floor space index.Raj Bhavan sources confirmed on Tuesday evening that governor K Shankarnarayan received a orb request from the state government recommend ing him to make reference to the Supreme Court for removal of Tiwari. This will mean that Tiwari will not be able to challenge his removal in any court. Both self-denial Minister AK Antony and Army Chief General VK Singh have promised strict action against any serving policeman who is found to be guilty in the scam. MoD has also said that it will give immediate permission to CBI to question any serving officer and will have no protestation if they are prosecuted.The controversial Adarsh Cooperative Housing Society (ACHS) had plans to undertake another residential project. It had even approached the Maharashtra government for allotment of a 7,500 sq m temporary hookup situated near the Spastic Society of India in Colaba ACHS had proposed to develop the plot to build cheap houses for the weaker sections , defence psychenel and other deserving classes . Society was promoted by a a few(prenominal) IAS officers subsequently IPS officers, government servants, MLAs and MLCs joined i n and the list went up to 130 members.The society applied for land at Wadala , and the government in principle showed willingness to allot 13,000 sq metres (over 3 acres) in September 2009. This plot was situated close to the high tide disputation, where no construction activity is usually permissible. Arguing that there were at least two other buildings which had previously been permitted to be set up right next to the HTL, Adarsh promoters bespeak processing of their proposal and even urged the state government to modify the HTL to override CRZ concerns. he society quest the state government to redraw the high tide line (HTL) to clear the project from the CRZ point of view . HTL is the line of intersection of the land with the water surface at the time of high tide. Restrictions are imposed on development activity within 500m of the HTL. Minimal construction activity is permitted in these parts. But since the Adarsh scam was unearthed, the name added to the file will be dele ted or the allotment of land to Indus may be delayed, said sources. alone of them got flats in the society in an expensive part of Mumbai at throwaway prices. While ownership of the land was still with the state, it was in the custody of Army for s constantlyal years. Army had taken custody of the land ever since it was reclaimed because the state government was to give it to the Army in return for Armys land in Santa Cruz firing range which was taken over by for expanding the Western Expressway. Now, as the auditors go by dint of records, it is clear that the Army neither got the land, nor financial compensation from the state.The society was asked to change the bye-laws by the then gross Minister Ashok Chavan. That is on record. He called a meeting and called members of the society and asked them to change the bye-laws and 40 per cent of civilians should be allowed to be members of the society. There it created a lot of problems, Deshmukh said. the defence ministry has asked to l ook into issues concerning the issue of a no objection certificate, relinquishment of the land in possession of the army and the extent to which commitments for the welfare of defence ersonnel were complied with, the official added. Among other things, the bureaucrats have been asked about the circumstances under which they became members of Adarsh Cooperative Housing Society and the source of funds for the luxe flats in the 31-storeyed building, the official said. the authorities cancelled the buildings occupation certificate and snapped off its water and power supplies. Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation (BMC) has decided to provide all necessary information regarding residential buildings and societies on its website.People can ascertain whether a particular shop or nursing home is clear or not. RC THAKUR chief promoter of Adarsh Society, was the military estate officer in Colaba division when he came to know about the prime plot and started getting files moved. His colleagues say that whenever Thakur came up against a hurdle, he would make the person a member of the society. What I think is to demolish that building because it is not following any norms passed by the government. Or we can hand over that building to the navy and army and let them decide what to do.Or we can give the flats to the kargil widows, because that land is for them only. Rest is depend on the government. If any such scams occur in mere future than public must raise their voice in order to protest them, it in some way effect our economy and spoil our society. Mostly the scams are done by the government personnels. and right away many people are trying to somehow get the government job. If we are not increase our voice now then in future we cant save our country. In India there are so many terriost who are spoiling our country and we are not bothered about them we clean focus on the terriosm.